Designing an Adaptive Feedback Scheme to Support Reflection in Concept Mapping

In this paper, we present an adaptive feedback scheme, which is incorporated in the “Knowledge Reconstruction + Refinement” process of a webbased concept mapping tool, named COMPASS, in order to support the reflection process in concept mapping. The feedback scheme includes multiple informative and tutoring feedback components and combines a stepwise presentation of these components with a multiple try strategy, aiming to provide personalized feedback. The adaptation of the scheme is based on the learner’s knowledge level, preferences and interaction behaviour. Two pilot empirical studies were conducted in order to investigate whether the design of the feedback components as well as the proposed adaptive feedback scheme can stimulate learners to reflect on their beliefs and appropriately revise their maps. The results revealed from the studies are encouraging, as the feedback provided, led the majority of the students to reconstruct/refine their knowledge and accomplish successfully the concept mapping tasks.